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HISTORY OF HOLLAND and the Dutch Nation
FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE TENTH TO THE END OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
Including an account of the municipal institutions, commercial pursuits, and social habits of the people
The rise and progress of the protestant reformation in Holland.
The intestine dissentious foreign wars
BY C. M. DAVIES.
In Three Volumes
Vol. I
LONDON: G.Willis, Great Piazza,Covent Garden MDCCCXLI
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part I
CHAPTER I
Year | Event | Page |
918 | Theodore I | 23 |
924 | Theodore II | 23 |
963 | County made hereditary | 24 |
968 | Arnold | 24 |
993 | Theodore III | 26 |
1010 | Irruption of the Normans | 26 |
Origin and rise of the Bishopric of Utrecht | 26 | |
1015 | War between Holland and Utrecht | 28 |
1018 | Accommodation | 29 |
1039 | Theodore IV | 30 |
The five Islands of the Scheldt | 30 | |
1047 | War between the Emperor, the Bishop of Utrecht, and the Count of Holland | 31 |
1048 | War with Liege and Cologne | 32 |
1049 | Florence 1 | 32 |
1060 | Alliance of Utrecht against Holland | 32 |
War and defeat of the allies | 33 | |
1061 | Florence surprised and killed | 33 |
Theodore V, Guardianship of his mother | 34 | |
1071 | War with Flanders and France, and with Utrecht | 35 |
Godfrey of Lorraine | 36 | |
1076 | Theodore recovers his states | 38 |
Friesland granted to the Bishop of Utrecht | 38 | |
1091 | Florence II | 39 |
Crusades | 39 | |
1106 | Alliance with the Empire | 40 |
1121 | Death of Florence | 41 |
Heresy | 42 | |
Theodore VI | 43 | |
1125 | Alliance with Germany, Grant of Friesland | 43 |
1137 | War with Utrecht | 44 |
1151 | Colonization from Holland | 46 |
1157 | Florence III, Hostilities with Flanders | 47 |
1162 | Treaty with Utrecht | 48 |
1165 | Imprisonment of Florence | 48 |
1167 | Treaty with Flanders | 49 |
Revolt of the West Frieslanders | 50 | |
1170 | Flood | 50 |
1191 | Crusade, and death of Florence, at Antioch, Theodore VII | 51 |
1195 | Wars with Flanders and West Friesland | 52 |
1202 | War with Utrecht and Brabant | 54 |
1202 | Death of Theodore | 56 |
CHAPTER II
Year | Event | Page |
1206 | Accession and marriage of Ada, William proclaimed Count | 57 |
Alliance of Louis van Loon with Flanders and Utrecht, William deprived of his authority | 59 | |
1208 | Peace with Utrecht and Flanders | 61 |
1214 | Alliance of Holland, with England and Germany, against France, Battle of Bouvines, Alliance with France | 62 |
1216 | Count of Holland accompanies Louis of France to England, Peace between France and England | 64 |
1217 | Crusade | 64 |
1224 | Death of William, Charter of Middleburg | 65 |
Florence IV | 67 | |
1233 | Crusade against the Stedingers | 67 |
1235 | Tournament at Corbye, and death of Florence | 68 |
William II | 69 | |
1247 | William II. chosen Emperor | 70 |
1248 | Siege of Aix | 70 |
1253 | War with Flanders and with West Friesland | 72 |
1256 | Death of William | 74 |
Canal of Sparendam | 75 | |
Charters granted to the towns | 75 | |
Constitution of Holland | 76 | |
CHAPTER III
Year | Event | Page |
1256 | Florence V | 107 |
Treaty with Flanders, Revolt of the Kemmerlanders | 108 | |
1271 | Florence assumes the government | |
1272 | War with Weet Friesland | 110 |
1281 | Alliance with England | 111 |
1287 | Subjugation of West Friesland | 112 |
Revolt of the Zealand nobles | 115 | |
1291 | Pretensions to the Scottish crown | 116 |
1296 | Rupture of the friendship between England and Holland, Treaty with France | 117 |
Conspiracy of the nobles | 118 | |
Death and character of Florence | 123 | |
Minority of John I | 126 | |
1297 | War with Utrecht and West Friesland | 126 |
War with Flanders | 127 | |
Return of Count John from England, Wolferd van Bonelen | 128 | |
Subjugation of West Friesland, Peace with Utrecht | 129 | |
1298 | Disputes with Dordrecht | 131 |
Death of Borselen | 134 | |
1299 | Death of the Count and transfer of the County to the family of Hainaut | 136 |
CHAPTER IV
Year | Event | Page |
John of Avenues | 137 | |
1300 | Disaffected nobles of Zealand supported by the Emperor | 138 |
1301 | War with Utrecht and death of the bishop | 139 |
1302 | War with Flanders | 141 |
1304 | Conquest of Zealand and North Holland | 143 |
Invasion of the Duke of Brabant | 146 | |
Holland freed from the invaders | ||
Battle of Zierikzee | 147 | |
Death of John of Avenues, William III | 149 | |
1310 | Truce with Flanders | 160 |
1316 | War renewed | 160 |
1323 | Final Peace with Flanders | 160 |
1324 | Marriage of the Count's daughters | 161 |
Affairs of England and Germany | 162 | |
Subjugation of Friesland, Dispute with the Kemmerlanders | 166 | |
1337 | Death of the Count, William IV, Renewal of alliance with England | 168 |
1338 | War between England and France | 162 |
1339 | Battle of Sluys, Siege of Tonrnay | 162 |
Truce | ||
War with Utrecht | 163 | |
1345 | William slain in Friesland | |
Margaret, Claims of the King of England to the County | 164 | |
1349 | War between Margaret and her son | 166 |
1356 | Death of Margaret | 168 |
CHAPTER V
Year | Event | Page |
1356 | William V | 169 |
1359 | Albert, governor of the County | 171 |
Parties of the Hooks and Cods | 171 | |
Revolt of the Cod nobles | ||
1372 | Claims of the King of England abandoned | 172 |
1379 | Interference of Holland in the affairs of Flanders | 173 |
1385 | Matrimonial alliances between Burgundy and Holland | 177 |
1390 | Murder of Alice van Poelgeest by the Hooks | 180 |
1394 | William, son of Albert, retires to France | 182 |
1396 | Expeditions to Friesland | 183 |
1400 | Revolt of the Lord of Arkel | 185 |
1404 | Death and character of Albert | 185 |
Renunciation by his widow of her claims on his estate | 186 | |
William VI, Disturbances in the towns | 188 | |
1405 | Hostilities of the Lord of Arkel | 189 |
1412 | Treaty between Holland and Guelderland | 190 |
Hollanders evacuate Friesland | 192 | |
Marriage of Jacoba | 193 | |
1417 | Affairs of France, and death of the dauphin Jacoba acknowledged successor to the County | 193 |
Death of William | 194 | |
Increase of the herring fishery | 196 |
CHAPTER VI
Year | Event | Page |
Accession of Jacoba | 197 | |
Hostilities with John of Bavaria | 198 | |
1418 | Marriage with John of Brabant, Loss of Rotterdam and South Holland | 200 |
1419 | Compromise, Renewal of hostilities | 201 |
1421 | Jacoba retires to England, St-Elisabeth flood | 203 |
Divorce between Jacoba and John of Brabant | 204 | |
1422 | Marriage with the Duke of Gloucester | 205 |
1424 | Duke of Gloucester goes to Hainaut | 206 |
Jacoba delivered into the hands of the Duke of Burgundy, Her escape, Siege of Schoonhoven | 207 | |
1425 | Death of John of Bavaria, Duke of Burgundy declared his heir | 208 |
Jacobs defeats her enemies | 209 | |
1426 | Defeat of the English, and loss of Zealand | 209 |
Jacobs retreats to North Holland, and thence to Gouda | 210 | |
Loss of Zevenbergen | 213 | |
1427 | Jacobs deserted by the Duke of Gloucester | 213 |
1428 | Compromise | 214 |
1429 | Fourth marriage, and death of Jacoba | 216 |
Part II
CHAPTER I
Year | Event | Page |
Philip of Burgundy | 219 | |
1430 | Institution of the Golden Fleece | 220 |
1436 | War with England | 223 |
1437 | Truce | 224 |
1438 | War with the Hanse towns | 225 |
1444 | Renewal of party dissensions In Holland | 226 |
Riots at Haarlem and Leyden | 231 | |
1451 | Reform of the Church | |
Revolt of Ghent | 235 | |
1455 | David of Burgundy made Bishop of Utrecht | 240 |
Attempt to regain Friesland | 242 | |
Discontents between Philip and the King of France | 247 | |
1461 | Accession of Louis XI | |
1465 | War, and treaty of Conflans | 249 |
1466 | Reduction of Liege and Dinant | 251 |
Changes made in Holland by the Count of Charlois | 252 | |
Death of Philip | ||
Prodigality of the court | 255 |
CHAPTER II
Year | Event | Page |
Charles I | 259 | |
1468 | Marriage with Margaret of York | 259 |
Alliance against France | 260 | |
Interview at Peronne | 261 | |
1470 | Revolutions in England | 263 |
Hostilities with France | 267 | |
Disturbances in Holland | 268 | |
1472 | War, and trace with France | 270 |
Affairs of Guelderland | 271 | |
Meeting at Treves for Charles's coronation | 273 | |
1474 | Siege of Nuys | 275 |
League with England | 275 | |
1475 | War with Lorraine and the Swiss | 277 |
1476 | Battle of Granson | 279 |
Battle of Morat | 280 | |
1477 | Siege of Nancy, and death of Charles | 281 |
Accession of Mary | 283 | |
King of France takes possession of Burgundy | 283 | |
Assembly of the States of the Netherlands | 283 | |
Great Charter | 284 | |
Ambassadors sent by Mary to France | 287 | |
War with France | 288 | |
Marriage of the Duchess with Maximilian of Austria | 280 | |
1478 | Dissensions in Holland | 291 |
1480 | Alliance with England, War with Utrecht | 294 |
1481 | Renewal of disturbances | 296 |
1482 | Death and character of Mary | 297 |
CHAPTER III
Year | Event | Page |
Maximilian acknowledged | 298 | |
Revolt of the Flemings | 298 | |
1486 | Maximilian elected King of the Romans | 300 |
War with France | ||
1488 | Second revolt of the Flemings | 301 |
Imprisonment of Maximilian | 302 | |
Release and conclusion of treaty | 304 | |
Civil war | 305 | |
Invasion of Holland by the Hooks | 306 | |
Pacification of Flanders | 308 | |
Alteration of the coin in Holland | 300 | |
1490 | Expulsion of the Hooks from Holland | 311 |
1491 | "Casembrotspel" or *bread and cheese war" | 312 |
Pardon of insurgents | 316 | |
Reduction of Sluys | 317 | |
Marriage of Maximilian to Anne of Bretagne | 318 | |
Rupture of the contract | 319 | |
Preparations for war | 319 | |
1493 | Peace | 321 |
1494 | Philip II assumes the Government of the Netherlands | 321 |
1496 | Commercial Treaty with England | 322 |
1497 | Marriage with Joanna of Spain | 324 |
1500 | Friedand conferred on Albert of Saxony | 325 |
Birth of Charles V | 326 | |
1501 | Philip takes a journey to Spain | 326 |
1503 | Death of Margaret of York | 326 |
War with Guelderland | 327 | |
1505 | Truce | 329 |
1506 | Philip sets mil for Spain | 329 |
Detention in England | 330 | |
Assumes the Government of Castile | 331 | |
Renewal of hostilities with Guelderland | 332 | |
1507 | Death of Philip | 333 |
CHAPTER IV
Year | Event | Page |
1507 | Margaret of Savoy Governess | 336 |
Alliance with England | 338 | |
League of Cambray | 339 | |
1510 | War between Holland and the Hanse Towns | 341 |
1513 | Truce with Guelderland, War between France and the Emperor | 346 |
1514 | General Peace | 348 |
Disturbed by Charles of Guelderland | 348 | |
Groningen and Friesland | 349 | |
Maximilian surrenders the Government | 351 | |
Transfer of Friesland | 351 | |
1515 | Treaty with France | 352 |
1516 | Charles becomes King of Spain | 352 |
Philip of Burgundy made Bishop of Utrecht | 353 | |
Reformation in Holland | 354 | |
1519 | Charles elected Emperor | 356 |
1520 | Visit to England | 357 |
Margaret confirmed in the Government | 357 | |
Innovations on the Constitution of Holland | 357 | |
1521 | Penal Edicts against the Reformers | 358 |
1522 | Death of the first Martyr | 359 |
War with France | 359 | |
Treaty for the protection of Commerce and Fishery | 360 | |
Charles of Guelderland obtains a footing in Overyssel | 361 | |
Friesland submits to the Government of the Count of Holland | 362 | |
Constitution of Friesland | 362 | |
War in Italy | 363 | |
Confederacy against France | 364 | |
1525 | Battle of Pavia | 365 |
1525 | Armistice | 366 |
Petitions demanded from the States of Holland | 368 | |
Threatened hostilities with Denmark and the Hanse Towns | 369 | |
1526 | Truce | 370 |
1527 | Treaty of Madrid | 370 |
Marriage of Charles | 371 | |
Alliance of the Pope and King of England with France | 372 | |
War | 373 | |
Charles of Guelderland occupies Utrecht | 373 | |
1528 | States of Holland refuse the demands of the Governess | 377 |
Plunder of the Hague by the Guelderlanders | 378 | |
States grant Supplies | 379 | |
Truce with France and England | 380 | |
Utrecht retaken | 381 | |
Union of Utrecht with Holland and Brabant | 381 | |
1529 | Peace of Cambray | 382 |
Penal Edicts against Heretics | 383 | |
Death of Margaret of Savoy | 384 |
CHAPTER V
Year | Event | Page |
1530 | Charles meets the States at Brussels | 386 |
1531 | Debates on the Supplies | 387 |
Edicts for the regulation of the Government | 389 | |
Mary of Hungary appointed Governess | 392 | |
Proceedings of Christian II., King of Denmark, in Holland | 392 | |
Blockade of the Sound | 392 | |
1533 | Debates on the Supplies for a Fleet | 395 |
1534 | Truce with Denmark and Lubek | 395 |
Rise of the Anabaptists; their increase in Holland | 395 | |
Missionaries to Munster | 397 | |
1535 | Conduct of the Anabaptists at Munster and Amsterdam | 398 |
Rupture of the Truce with Denmark and Lubek | 407 | |
1536 | Prohibition on the exportation of Corn | 408 |
League between the King of Denmark and Charles of Guelderland | 410 | |
Invasion of Groningen | 411 | |
Truce with Denmark | 412 | |
Death of Erasmus | 412 | |
War between the Emperor and Franc | 414 | |
Assembly of the States | 415 | |
Attempt to impose an Excise | 416 | |
Proposition for a general taxation of the Netherlands | 416 | |
1539 | Truce with France | 417 |
Disturbances at Ghent | 419 | |
Journey of the Emperor from Spain | 420 | |
1540 | Emperor coines to Holland | 423 |
Meeting of the States | 423 | |
Union of Holland and Utrecht | 424 | |
Prince of Orange, Stadtholder | 424 | |
Increased severity against Heretics | 425 | |
Debates on the free exportation of Corn | 425 | |
Innovation on the privileges of Holland | 427 | |
1541 | Expedition of the Emperor against Algiers | 428 |
War with France | 429 | |
Alliance of France with the Duke of Cleves | 429 | |
Disputes between the Duke and Emperor concerning Guelderland | 430 | |
1542 | Campaign of 1542 | 431 |
War subsidies | 432 | |
Levy of the Hundredth Penny | 432 | |
Income Tax | 432 | |
1543 | Invasion of Juliers by the Emperor | 435 |
Cession of Guelderland | 436 | |
Composition of the States of Guelderland | 437 | |
Siege of Landrecy | 438 | |
1544 | Alliance with England and Denmark | 438 |
Conciliation of the German Princes | 439 | |
Invasion of France by the Emperor and King of England | 440 | |
Siege of St Dizier | 440 | |
Death of the Prince of Orange and succession of Prince William | 441 | |
Separate Treaty between Charles and the King of France | 441 | |
Council of Trent | 442 | |
1545 | Edicts against the Protestants in the Netherlands | 444 |
Hostile preparations against those of Germany | 444 | |
Subsidies contributed with reluctance by the States of Holland | 445 | |
1546 | Civil War in Germany | 446 |
Death of Luther | 448 |
CHAPTER VI
Year | Event | Page |
1548 | Standing army in the Netherlands | 449 |
Scheme of incorporating the Netherlands with the Empire | 450 | |
Death of Maximilian van Egmond | 453 | |
1549 | Acknowledgment of Philip III | 455 |
Settlement of the Succession | 455 | |
Oaths of Acknowledgment | 456 | |
Edicts against Heretics | 458 | |
Attempt to establish the Inquisition | 458 | |
1550 | Opposition of Antwerp | 459 |
Treaty with Scotland | 460 | |
1550 | Treaty with France | 461 |
Council of Trent | 461 | |
Removed to Bologna | 462 | |
Interim | 462 | |
1551 | Council resumes its sittings at Trent | 463 |
Netherland prelates | 463 | |
Termination of the deliberations of the Council | 464 | |
War between the Emperor and Protestant Princes of Germany | 465 | |
War with France | 465 | |
1552 | Treaty of Passau | 465 |
Towns captured in Lorraine | 466 | |
Protection of navigation | 467 | |
1553 | Debates on subsidies | 468 |
Terouanne and Hesdin destroyed | 469 | |
1554 | Marriage of Philip with the Queen of England | 470 |
Invasion of Hainaut and Artois | 473 | |
Naval engagement | 474 | |
Demand of subsidies | 475 | |
Violation of privileges | 477 | |
Attempt to gain possession of the National Charters | 478 | |
1555 | Fresh demands | 479 |
Resignation of the Emperor | 480 | |
Observations on Holland | 486 |
CHAPTER VII
Year | Event | Page |
Assemblies of the States | 490 | |
1556 | Truce with France | 491 |
1557 | Renewal of the War | 492 |
Battle of St. Quentin | 493 | |
1558 | Reduction of Calais | 494 |
Battle of Gravelingues | 495 | |
1559 | Peace | 496 |
New Bishoprics | 497 | |
Dissatisfaction of the Netherlanders | 499 | |
Philip's intended departure for Spain | 501 | |
Appointment of Margaret, duchess of Parma, to the government of the Netherlands | 504 | |
Philip sails from Flushing | 508 | |
Council of State | 508 | |
1560 | Authority possessed by the Cardinal of Granvelle | 606 |
Discontents of the nobles and people | 609 | |
1563 | Granvelle retires | 514 |
1564 | Affairs conducted by the Prince of Orange and his adherents | 515 |
Evils of their administration | 516 | |
1565 | Esmond's embassy to Spain | 517 |
Decrees of the Council of Trent enforced | 519 | |
Inquisition and penal edicts | 519 | |
Ferment in the Netherlands | 520 | |
1566 | Confederacy of the nobles | 520 |
The Gueux | 522 | |
Scheme for moderating the penal edicts | 524 | |
Embassy of Bergen and Montigny to Spain | 524 | |
Public preachings of the Reformers | 526 | |
Iconoclasts | 529 | |
Effect of their outrages on the mind of the Governess and of the King | 530 | |
Margaret tempomes | 532 | |
Intercepted letters | 533 | |
Meeting of the discontented nobles | 534 | |
Dissolution of the confederacy | 535 | |
Renewal of severities against the Reformers | 536 | |
Margaret takes up arms | 536 | |
Siege of Valenciennes | 536 | |
1567 | Decline of the popular party | 538 |
Division between Orange and Egmond | 539 | |
Defeat of the confederate troops at Oosterwel | 541 | |
Surrender of Valenciennes | 541 | |
Rumour of the Duke of Alfa's march into the Netherlands | 542 | |
Abolition of the reformed worship | ||
Flight of the Prince of Orange | 542 | |
Alva embarks from Spain | 544 | |
Death of the Marquis of Bergen | 544 | |
General desertion of the Netherlands | 544 |
CHAPTER VIII
Year | Event | Page |
1567 | Arrival of the Duke of Alva in the Netherlands | 547 |
Arrest of the Counts of Egmond and Hoorn | 548 | |
Establishment of the Council of Troubles | 549 | |
Resignation of the Governess Margaret | 550 | |
Severities exercised by the Council | 552 | |
Remonstrance of Holland | 554 | |
Desertion of the Netherlands | 554 | |
Wild Gueux | 555 | |
Outlawry of the Prince of Orange | 555 | |
The Count of Buuren carried prisoner to Spain | 556 | |
Commencement of hostilities | 557 | |
Battle of Heyligerlee | 558 | |
Execution of Egmond and Hoorn | 562 | |
Battle of Jemmingen | ||
1568 | Campaign of the Prince of Orange in the Netherlands | 563 |
1569 | Statue of Alva at Antwerp | 565 |
Alva's arbitrary government | 565 | |
Opposition of Leyden | 566 | |
Animosity of the Queen of England towards Alva | 567 | |
Seizure of the treasure sent to the Netherlands | 568 | |
Alva attempts to levy the tenth | 569 | |
Consents to a substitution | 571 | |
Proceedings of the Prince of Orange | 572 | |
1570 | Petition of the Netherland exiles to the Dietss at Spires | 573 |
Amnesty | 574 | |
Flood | 575 | |
1572 | Gueux expelled the ports of England | 576 |
Capture of Briel | 577 | |
Second attempt to levy the tenth | 578 | |
Siege of Briel | 579 | |
The Gueux take Flushing | 580 | |
Capture of merchant ships | 581 | |
Duke of Medina Celi arrives in the Netherlands | 582 | |
Louis of Nassau obtains succours from France | 583 | |
Surprises Mons | 583 | |
Revolt of the province of Holland | 584 | |
Assembly of the States (Dordrecht) | 586 | |
Siege and reduction of Mons by Alva | 587 | |
Sack of Mechlin | 589 | |
Siege of Goes raised by the Gueux | 590 | |
Prince of Orange in Holland | 590 | |
Pillage of Zutphen | 591 | |
Massacre of Naarden | 593 | |
Siege of Haarlem | 595 | |
Siege of Alkmaar | 604 | |
Naval victory of the Gueux | 605 | |
Assembly of the States-General | 606 | |
Recall of Alva | ||
His character | 607 | |
Cruelties committed by the Spaniards in the Netherlands | 606 |